2. "Natural Men" means all men before they gain riches and power.
3. Abate also means to pacify.
4. Edwards begins three clauses with "There is" to continue a comparison.
5. "That lake of burning brimstone" is used to scare the congregation. It adds emphasis and changes the meaning to the sentence. "It is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath" is another appositive in the text.
6. The rhetorical effect of using "and" over and over again is to exaggerate every single effect.
7. Edwards uses semicolons to connect the series of independent clauses rather than dividing them into separate sentences because he wants to show that they connect. He repeats "not willingly" because he wants to exaggerate that he was not willingly doing all of these things.
8. He develops the simile in paragraph five by saying it is rising higher and higher, and increasing more and more.The imagery is bold. He uses it to give you more of a visual on what is happening.
9. The things he is talking about and describing is towards the people who are still sinners, and it will show the outcome.
10. Edward is represents ethos, and how is is strict and tries to scare his audience into his ways. His attitude and speech to the audience is representing logos. His audience and their fear represents pathos.
11. The tone stays the same throughout the story. The authors tone shows that he has a very strict attitude towards the subject. He believes that God is holding you over a fiery pit and that when you sin God loosens his grip on you, making you fall closer and closer into the pit.
12. Hearing it helped the dramatic part of it, reading it helped them understand it more.
13. He says powerful things that put the fear of God in them.
14. When he said they would burn in the fiery pit of hell if they sinned.
15.
